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101.
102.
The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation. 相似文献
103.
Several field studies were conducted tobetter understand the influence of culturalpractices, inflow rate and field conditionson the performance of modern surfaceirrigation systems in Egypt. Field datawere collected on wheat and cotton underEgyptian conditions in order to estimateinfiltration, roughness and performanceparameters. Tests were made with a varietyof inflow rates and a variety ofcross-section shapes (flat or furrowed andseveral furrow spacings). These studiesprovide information on expected values ofinfiltration and roughness parameterstypical of cracking clay soils in the NileDelta, as well as guidelines andrecommendations for use of long-levelbasins in Egypt. 相似文献
104.
P. J. T. Van Bakel 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1988,2(2):125-137
The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 103 and 460 × 103 Dfl.y–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 103 Dfl and 9 × 103 Dfl.y–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 103 Dfl and 128 × 103 Dfl.y–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively. 相似文献
105.
106.
响应曲面法优化气体射流冲击锥栗脱壳工艺 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
为了优化锥栗气体射流冲击脱壳工艺,采用响应曲面法分析了冲击温度(163~197C)、加热时间(109~311 s)及气流速度(6.68~9.73 m/s)对于脱壳锥栗品质(失水率、脱壳率、色泽L*值)的影响,并建立了相应的预测模型.方差分析的结果表明:冲击温度、加热时间及气流速度对于失水率、脱壳率和色泽L*值这三项指标都有着极为显著的影响.优化所得的较优工艺参数为:冲击温度1 79℃,加热时间278 s,气流速度7.83 m/s.对应的失水率、脱壳率及色泽L*值的预测值分别为:4.14%、86.95%和58.65.经试验证明:应用响应曲面法所得到的脱壳工艺参数是可行的. 相似文献
107.
108.
针对粘性土壤提出了一个简化力学模型,数值模拟了具有一定粘性的土壤与波纹型推土板之间的作用力。数值计算结果显示,在通常的力学条件下波纹板与土壤的接触面积小于相应的平板面积,可以达到减粘降阻的目的。计算了波纹板表面的压力分布,并指出在土壤与农机具粘附系统中波纹形表面摩擦力最大的位置。 相似文献
109.
110.
介绍一种基于MDT的犁壁曲面双样板曲线近似展开法,在MDT平台上直接用直线投影法求样板曲线,并直接将正视图投影到三维犁曲面上求各元线实长,减少了计算工作量,具有快捷方便的优点,该方法已用于双翼翻土防漏耕犁的设计,效果良好。 相似文献